To date, the year 2011, European banks had to repay 888 billion dollars to creditors (all types of bonds combined), but they could borrow 744 billion dollars over the period, reveal Figures released by the firm Dealogic. A gap of nearly $ 150 billion that masks a number of phenomena. On the one hand, banks that can accumulate "cash payday loans direct lenders."On the other, those, more numerous, which are structurally borrowers must find ways to bridge the gap between what they need and what they can take to prevent the liquidity crisis, that is, ie the default.

The first solution is the European Central Bank, which opened more widely its counters. Heavily used by institutions Greek, Irish and Portuguese, these facilities are also becoming critical to institutions whose country of origin still have access to markets. Spanish banks borrowed 86.2 billion euros at the ECB at the end of October (7 billion more than at the end of September).

"Our proposals meet the shared view that we must reinvent the governance of water, take into account environmental and social issues and meet the high demand for information from citizens," said Philippe Maillard, the new head of the Lyon water, which presents on Tuesday, the Congress of Mayors of France, the "contract for water security."

After the turn made by Paris in 2010, several cities are planning to remove the water management to private operators to switch to public ownership. Bordeaux switch soon. Evry, Lyon and Lille are wondering.

France has 520,000 elevators, accessible to 482,500 people. National Park is the most dilapidated of Europe, half of the devices with more than 25 years and a quarter over 40 years, according to the Federation of elevators no fax needed payday loans.Now, nearly 100 million people use every day a lift. Following a series of serious accidents in 2003, Gilles de Robien, Minister of Works, Transport and Housing, has passed the law "safety of existing lifts" (SAE). State of play:

• High bill for owners

This text imposed new obligations on security, maintenance and technical inspection of elevators. A three-stage timetable was established for this compliance, depending on the severity of identified risks, with maturities in 2010, 2013 and 2018. "At 31 December 2010, the first term, 10-15% of the work was not done," notes Jean-Luc Detavernier, managing director of the Federation of elevators, which includes more than 110 companies (90% of sector).

This has now changed. In front of the Socialist parliamentary group, Greek Prime Minister did not mince his words: "The will of the Greek people appealing to us," said Papandreou. It will also seek a confidence vote in Parliament on the agreement on debt.

The French are indeed very pessimistic. Only 4% of them believe in a crisis within the next six months. Nearly a majority (46%), however, do not expect improvement until 2014. "This survey highlights the malaise of the French," said Frederic Dabi, director of the division of opinion Ifop."For them, this is a serious crisis which they do not see the exit and on which policies can not be weighed." However, they are preparing for 57% of the "painful and difficult measures." They are also willing to make sacrifices, including cutting costs in their "comfort" and in their holiday budget, the study said.

When asked about the causes of the crisis, 52% of French people point the finger at the role of financial markets. Far behind, the government (26%), banks (15%), EU (10%), the French as a whole (6%), emerging (5%) and businesses (1%) are also considered partially responsible for the current crisis. "Paradoxically, while their commitment to the EU is often tenuous, the French for more Europe," Frederic Dabi analysis.As proof, they say they support the creation of a European Ministry of Economy.

Theme of the presidential election

As European leaders gather in Brussels on Sunday for a coordinated response to the crisis, the French have already an idea of ​​what the state could do 63% of them believe the government should take an interest in banks, either by becoming the majority shareholder of the establishment or nationalization. Despite their concern, 23% of respondents would prefer the state to intervene simply abstain. Maybe they think that the French economy can only suffer, as the government prepares to revise downwards its growth forecast for 2012 still set at 1.75%."Part of the public continues to believe that when dealing with Greece, it does not deal with French," says Pierre Giacometti, advisor opinion of the President of the Republic, in the columns of world.

Yet a few months before the presidential election, the crisis in the euro area will be the theme of the campaign. Nicolas Sarkozy will speak on the subject on television next Thursday, the day after the second EU summit is to say, once firm decisions have been taken. A key event with the French, while the popularity of the president is at half mast. "Even if the credits of some courage, nothing will be counted as long as there is a lack of visibility on the crisis," Pierre Giacometti analysis in Le Monde.

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He still suffers to this first edition of exceptions.The officers decentralized government (prefectures) just voted in 2010 after the reorganization of their services; territorial officials will be "aligned" in 2014, which will match the designation of their representatives with election of municipal councils, general and regional officials finally France Telecom will vote Nov. 22 … as well as those of the Department of Justice, after a last minute postponement of the delivery of ballots and professions of faith having made the most complete mess. Also new: the hundreds of thousands of contractors have the right to participate. Finally, the electronic vote is for the million polio Education.

Crucial deadline

If the vote is also crucial is that it will not only unions to gauge.Now, only those organizations that received the most votes will negotiate and sign agreements, both local (with the hospital director, the prefect …) and national (with "their" or the Minister of Public Service for subjects common to all directors). In that game, the CFTC or the CFE-CGC will play their survival in many instances of 5700 to renew check cash advance. The "big" unions will also receive a premium on how they are granted. They are mostly human, that is to say agents paid by the state or the hospital, but devoting all or part of their time to unionism (our editions of September 29).

Difficult to anticipate the results.Of Education in Ecology, Interior Economy, workers speak out more on issues and candidates in their own department or at their service, as a national discourse – discourse on which organizations found it difficult to differentiate. Certainly, FP campaigned on the "case of the public service", the CFDT has focused on the working conditions of workers, Bernard Thibault has been calling for more political "use the ballot CGT" to "deliver signs to the government. " But these are all ways to approach the same themes: policy review (RGPP), elimination of 150,000 jobs during the five-year term in the state civil service, late general wage increases, stricter rules on pensions 2010. Many reasons for discontent that should benefit most unions 'hard', as Solidarity, the CGT and the FSU.

But the mobilization failed when the pension reform, and made to flop back against the rigors. The previous elections were successful in the CFDT and UNSA, reformists, who could also benefit from the arrival of the contract in the electorate. And some of the most disgruntled employees could wait for the presidential and legislative elections in 2012 to settle their accounts. Where the other unknown: participation, far closer than two-thirds, will continue she?

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Established in 2002, the EAR allowed these people, who generally have started working very early, wait until they receive a full pension. Its removal has the financial difficulties some 40,000 people who benefited and who have seen their incomes for many fall by half.Most do in fact perceive more than the specific solidarity allowance, amounting to 467 euros maximum.

"Poor"

As the government had already hinted in September, the retirement allowance equivalent will be restored retroactively from July, but on narrower grounds. The device now called "transitional allowance of solidarity" will concern only those born between July 1951 and December 1953 or, as determined by the Department of Labor, about 11,000 people. It is designed primarily for senior citizens affected by the pension reform adopted last year, which pushes for four months a year the legal age of retirement, from 1 July.

The disbursements are therefore not the same: the retirement allowance equivalent relieve the coffers of more than 200 million euros a year according to the unions, when the new version should not cost more than 30 million. "This is clearly insufficient, responded on Monday the association against the removal of the AER. It ensured the precarious for more than 30,000 people. " "We find that inuspportable employees with a full career are found in social minimum," adds Laurent Berger, in charge of employment at the CFDT.

The decree establishing this recovery, however, should be published in the coming weeks. The issue is even more sensitive than the unemployment of older workers continues to widen, inflating the number of employees who would have been entitled to the allowance equivalent withdrawal before its reform.According to the latest figures released by the Dares, 560,300 people over age 50 were unemployed in August, a number up 13.5% year on year.

Last response date, two UMP announced Friday their intention to table an amendment to Bill Financing Social Security (PLFSS) reserves to tax "excessive" for certain health insurance schemes. Their goal: to prevent a sharp rise in contract prices by encouraging individuals to use their mutual financial reserves rather than pass on the increase in the tax on membership fees.

Sébastien Huyghe, MP North, and Valérie Rosso-Debord, Meurthe-et-Moselle, advocated to establish "what could amount to a wealth tax" on the margins of solvency of each other located far beyond the legal limit. "The law requires unions to hold minimum reserves called legal reserves or solvency margins, which now account for 17% of the amount of annual dues. When this level is set aside, it is said that the solvency of the mutual is 100%, "they recall. In their amendments, MEPs are the players that has a line "located beyond 300%", a rate considered sufficient to ensure their development or deal with contingencies.

According Valérie Rosso-Debord, the reserves of each other is "five to six times beyond the level required."These organizations "a way of managing heritage, which is not in the interest of their contributors," lamented the member quoted by Reuters. For his part, Labour Minister, Xavier Bertrand, argued that no insurance company or mutual was in financial difficulties and were "not required to fully pass this increase" on their customers .

"No secret reserves"

These arguments will probably jump Caniard Etienne, the president of the National Federation of French Mutual, which represents 600 health insurance schemes instant credit reports. He said the tax increases will be reflected automatically on membership fees, mutuals have already seen their margins decline in recent years. In this context, it amounts to 3.5% increase "mechanical" contribution for 2012. "It is no secret reserves" into the coffers of these organizations, he assures.A view shared by Gerard Andreck, Chairman of mutual insurance companies (Gema), a trade association. "Maybe there are a number of which are in mutual capacity to absorb this increase, but not the general market," he said after the vote by the parliament of the text .

Yet, according to Le Parisien, the market would not be so tense. Based on the balance sheets and income sector, the paper shows that mutual health organizations are seated on a "gold mine hidden" gigantic. MGEN (Mutual of Education) would be the best endowed. In 2009, its reserves "excessive" reached 1 billion euros, representing a solvency margin of 667%, well above the standards. With reserves of 262 million euros, Malakoff Médéric benefit from a solvency margin of 779%.These financial reserves "would easily (these mutual, Ed) to support the additional tax under the government without making their customers suffer," the paper concludes.

According to a study released Wednesday by UFC-Que Choisir, the French spent 25.4 billion euros in additional contributions to health in 2010, an increase of 16.6% in five years, two times higher than the increase income. And raising taxes will bring to the state 100 million euros in 2011 and $ 1.1 billion in 2012, according to government calculations.

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Investors take note of the willingness of finance ministers and central bankers of the twenty leading economies, meeting in Washington last Thursday, to provide "a strong and coordinated international response" to the crisis. In a joint statement, they agreed to ensure that "banks have adequate capital" and promised to provide "the necessary liquidity" to financial institutions.But "the real decisions are referred to the Summit of Heads of State and Government to be held in Cannes, November 3 and 4, 'the specialists Aurel BGC.

To a stability fund in Europe more flexible

The Perfect Storm, the large emerging group of "Bric" also expressed "determination to accelerate structural reforms to sustain strong growth." Brazil, Russia, India and China but also South Africa so consider "if necessary, to provide support through the IMF or other international financial institutions, to address the current challenges facing the global financial stability, according to the circumstances of each country. "The inventor of the BRIC, Jim O'Neill, chairman of Goldman Sachs Asset Management, said however that emerging markets are likely to require at least, in exchange for their support, greater clarity on how the Europe has to solve its crisis.

Precisely in response to a request from seven countries of the G20 addressed to Nicolas Sarkozy, the countries of the euro area have pledged to implement "necessary measures to increase the flexibility of the European Financial Stability Fund (EFSF)" to to avoid contagion from the crisis in Greece. Yesterday, the possibility of a defect in Athens, though long ruled by EU leaders, was raised by Klaas Knot, Member of the Board of Governors of the European Central Bank (ECB)."This is one of the scenarios," he told the Dutch newspaper Het Financieele Dagblad business cards.

Growth of world trade declined Another concern: the specter of a global recession was reinforced by the World Trade Organization (WTO) has revised downwards its forecast for this Friday trade growth for 2011, s 'expecting a growth of world trade by 5.8% against 6.5% forecast so far, according to its website internet.Sur the foreign exchange market, the euro climbed slightly against the U.S. dollar: it advances the Friday from 0.57% to 1.3533 dollar. Oil prices have them, continued to slump, unable to bounce back after the collapse of the previous day as markets increasingly anxious in facing the risk of renewed recession in the U.S. and Europe.On the New York Mercantile Exchange (Nymex), a barrel of "light sweet crude" for November delivery ended at 79.85 dollars, down 66 cents from the forward veille.Valeurs

The side of values, after the close of the NYSE Hewlett-Packard announced the replacement of Leo Apotheker as CEO from Meg Whitman, confirming the many rumors that had circulated in recent days.

At Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) is Rick Bergman Devices, responsible for products, who announced his resignation. The CEO will temporarily Rory Read office.

Covidien raised its quarterly dividend 12.5% ​​to 0.225 dollar per share.And, for its part McDonald's has increased its 15% to $ 0.7 per share.

In order to treat its shareholders well, Raytheon has authorized a stock repurchase plan of $ 2 billion.

The American manufacturer of sporting Nike has exceeded market expectations by posting yesterday after the close of U.S. markets net income for the first quarter of fiscal year up 15% to $ 645 million, driven by its Sales in North America and in emerging countries. Revenues rose 11% to $ 6.1 billion.Orders scheduled for delivery between September 2011 and January 2012 were up 16% to $ 8.5 billion.

On the occasion of a major overhaul of its website, Facebooks'est services associated with music, news and video, including Spotify, Deezer and Dailymotion, and challenge from Apple in the content.

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Unemployment, inability to repay its debts are as many explanations for these gestures of despair paydayloans. According to figures from National Bank of Greece, the unemployment rate has doubled over two years, more than 16%. "This is the illustration that rigor is not the solution to revive Greece, says Céline Antonin, an economist at the French Office of Economic Conditions.Rigor leads to recession and the social crisis. Asphyxiant in households (higher taxes, lower wages …), the country will lose an engine to boost growth. "
A general transport strike was called on Thursday in Athens. "The Greek airport is not for sale" it said.